St. Peter’s Basilica in the heart of Vatican City is not only the largest of all the Christian Churches, it is also considered to be the “greatest of all churches of Christendom”. It is regarded among Catholics to be the spot where St. Peter himself was entombed. He was given this honor because he was one of Christ’s apostles and the first Bishop of Rome, making him the first in a long line of papacy.
Peter played a huge part in the formation of the Christian Church after the crucifixion of Christ. Peter made his way to Rome in 64 AD after 30 years of service as spiritual head of this new church. After a time, Peter was executed in an act of martyrdom by Emperor Nero, along with a large number of other supporters of Christ and the new Church. His execution was a crucifixion, but at Peter’s request he was hung with his head down rather than up. Peter did not believe he was worthy to suffer the same death as did Christ.
Peter was buried on Vatican Hill close to the spot on which he was killed. His grave was marked by a single red rock, but years later a shrine was built over this spot. In the 4th century the original St. Peter’s Basilica was constructed over the shrine with St. Peter’s tomb just underneath the altar. Since then, other popes have been buried there, even after the present basilica was built in the 16th century.
Starting in 1939, the Vatican began sending archeological teams beneath the basilica in an effort to locate St. Peter’s tomb and any other items of importance to the church. An entire complex of pagan mausoleums were discovered as well as a number of graves. Also discovered was a structure that was believed to be a monument to mark the spot of St. Peter’s grave. The bones of four men were discovered, among them those of a man between the ages of 60 and 70. This set of remains was removed without the knowledge of the lead archeologist and were stored away from the site where they would be safe until further study could be done.
In 1950 Pope Pious XII was anxious to tell the world about the discoveries that have been made, but with caution. He announced that beyond all doubt the tomb of Saint Peter had been found. While mentioning the additional discovery of a set of remains, the Pope was careful to state that there was no way to prove that these bones were those of St. Peter.
In 1963 Pope Paul VI became pope. He gave permission to the original archeologist who discovered the bones, an old family friend, to begin study on the bones again. He documented his findings in a book called The Remains of Saint Peter published in 1965. It was these findings that prompted Pope Paul in June of 1968 to inform the world that the bones of St. Peter had indeed been found beneath St. Peter’s Basilica.
Robert Mann is a lifelong poet and writer living in California. Mr. Mann is also Senior Editor of the Christian news website http://www.FreeChristianPress.com. Also published at The Search For St. Peter’s Tomb.